Ejercicios con Tracto Vocal Semi-Ocluido: Efectos en la Función Glótica, Aerodinámica y configuración del tracto vocal

Exercises With Semi-occluded Vocal Tract

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Resumen

El presente artículo corresponde a una revisión de la literatura en relación los efectos asociados a los ejercicios con tracto vocal semiolcuido en la función glótica, medidas aerodinámicas y configuración del tracto vocal. Los ejercicios con tracto vocal semiocluido (alargamientos artificiales del tracto vocal) han sido ampliamente utilizados en terapia, calentamiento y entrenamiento vocal. Se ha establecido que este tipo de ejercicios aumentan la impedancia del tracto vocal, específicamente la reactancia inertiva (inertancia) que puede influir favorablemente en la vibración de los pliegues vocales. Un aspecto común en los programas de terapia de voz fisiológicos, es que todos ellos se basan en ejercicios con tracto vocal semiocluido. Una gran cantidad de estudios han revelado el efecto que estos ejercicios producen en los diferentes subsistemas que participan en la producción de la voz. La evidencia señala que estos ejercicios afectan en grado de aducción de los pliegues vocales dependiendo del grado de resistencia al flujo. El efecto en las medidas aerodinámicas se centra en cambios en el grado de presión subglótica, oral y transglótica. La configuración del tracto vocal es otro aspecto que se ve modificado durante la vocalización con ejercicios con tracto vocal semiocluido. A grandes rasgos se ha observado una mayor área faríngea, posición vertical de la laringe más descendida, elevación de velo del paladar y una modificación en la salida del tubo epilaríngeo. En general, la mayoría de los cambios sugieren que ejercicios con TVSO son buenas herramientas para los sujetos con trastornos de la voz y usuarios profesionales de la voz. Los cambios reportados parecen conducir a una producción de voz más económica.

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Biografía del autor/a / Ver

Marco Guzman, Universidad de los Andes

Fonoaudiólogo; Profesor asistente Escuela de Fonoaudiología de la Universidad de Chile. Fundación Iberoamericana de voz cantada y hablada (FIVCH); Especialista en Vocología pela University of Iowa.

Lukas Salfate Velásquez, Universidad de Chile

Speech-Language Pathologist

Research Assistant,

Department of Communication Science, University of Chile

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