Breastfeeding And Oral-Motor Functions In Children: Malocclusion, Oral Breathing, and Atypical Swallowing
Lactancia Materna y Funciones Orales no Verbales en Niños: Maloclusión, Respiración Oral y Deglución Atípica
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The objective of this review was to examine the relationship between the type of breastfeeding and alterations in nonverbal oral functions through a systematic review. Research questions were formulated using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes (PICO) framework, and a systematic search was conducted in four databases between April and June 2024, following the guidelines established by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Breastfeeding was classified according to three criteria: presence versus absence, exclusive versus mixed, and long versus short duration. Studies addressing various types of malocclusions, respiratory patterns, and swallowing were included. The results indicate that breastfeeding during the first two years of life plays a crucial role in the proper development of the structures of the stomatognathic system. Furthermore, the absence or insufficient duration of breastfeeding is associated with alterations in oral motor skills, with malocclusion being the most frequently reported in the analyzed studies. A limited number of publications by speech-language pathologists in this area was also observed. In conclusion, the absence of breastfeeding is a determining factor in the occurrence of alterations in oral motor skills. Exclusive breastfeeding significantly reduces the risk of developing such alterations, while a breastfeeding duration of less than six months is considered an important risk factor for their appearance.
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