Atención del Trastorno del espectro autista y epilepsia a través de Sistemas Aumentativos/Alternativos de Comunicación
Care of autism spectrum disorder and epilepsy through augmentative/Alternative Communication Systems Una revisión Narrativa
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El incremento de la prevalencia de los perfiles clínicos de personas con TEA y epilepsia en la etapa infantil ha aumentado en los últimos años, describiendo una problemática en su evaluación e intervención en las competencias lingüísticas. Esta población muestra graves alteraciones en el lenguaje expresivo que abarcan diferentes dimensiones de este como la fonología, la semántica, la morfosintaxis, la pragmática y la comprensión auditiva. Todo ello hace que estos usuarios muestren alteraciones significativas en su comunicación y expresión del lenguaje, lo que dificulta significativamente su autonomía y calidad de vida. Por ello, según la literatura científica, uno de los planes de intervención más efectivo que disponemos en la actualidad es el uso de los Sistemas Aumentativos y/o Alternativos de Comunicación (SAAC), los cuales han demostrado en esta población que permiten aumentar su capacidad comunicativa y resolver situaciones lingüísticas con éxito. Es por lo que los profesionales de la salud deben tener un plan de evaluación e intervención adecuado que permita solventar las necesidades comunicativas de las personas con TEA y epilepsia en la etapa infantil. Por ende, este trabajo tuvo el objetivo de reflexionar y proporcionar una revisión de la atención de la población infantil con TEA y epilepsia a través del uso de los SAACs. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una revisión narrativa de la literatura científica publicada hasta el momento, con la lectura de 51 artículos de investigación sobre la atención de la población infantil con TEA y epilepsia. Los resultados indicaron que el protocolo de evaluación para su implementación debe seguir una serie de pasos como son: Recogida de información, Valoración de la persona, Valoración del entorno cercano, Selección del vocabulario, Selección de los reforzadores, Análisis de los sistemas de comunicación, Toma de decisiones y Evaluación de la efectividad del sistema de comunicación. Asimismo, el uso de SAACs en este colectivo mejora de forma significativa la comunicación funcional en diferentes contextos y entornos. En conclusión, se debe llevar a cabo una atención multidisciplinar para mejorar las competencias lingüísticas de las personas con TEA y epilepsia.
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