Revisión narrativa de la literatura: rehabilitación olfatoria en pacientes sometidos a laringectomía total
Narrative Review olfactory evaluation and training for total laryngectomized patients
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La laringectomía total es un procedimiento quirúrgico que implica la extracción de la laringe, ocasionando la separación de las vías aéreas superiores e inferiores, identificándose disminución en la percepción del olfato y gusto en pacientes laringectomizados totales. Sin embargo, las investigaciones actuales acerca de la rehabilitación del olfato son escasas, especialmente en América Latina. La presente revisión narrativa de la literatura tiene como objetivo presentar los métodos actuales utilizados para la rehabilitación y recuperación de la percepción el olfato en pacientes laringectomizados totales, mediante la búsqueda de literatura en la base de datos: PubMed, así como, literatura gris. Esta revisión se consolidó con base en el análisis de 35 artículos. Los resultados permitieron identificar diferentes protocolos para la evaluación del olfato, así mismo, la rehabilitación olfatoria, siendo identificados diferentes métodos como; el bypass laríngeo, enjuague sinusal, la maniobra de flujo de aire nasal espiratorio (ENAMM) y la maniobra de inducción del flujo de aire nasal (NAIM), la cual presenta mayor evidencia científica. Por lo anterior, se resalta la necesidad de analizar el impacto de los tratamientos oncológicos en la percepción del olfato y la necesidad de crear programas por parte de fonoaudiología para la rehabilitación olfatoria, generando efectos positivos en la calidad de vida de los pacientes.
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