Systematic Review of the Literature on the Evaluation of the Chewing Process.
Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura Sobre la Evaluación del Proceso de la Masticación
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The objective of the present study was to present a systematic review of the literature related to studies that address chewing evaluation methods and their main characteristics. As a research strategy, it was carried out in the PubMed, Web Of Science, Medline, SciELO and Lilacs databases from 2006 to 2020. All available studies were chosen as selection criteria, without language restriction; of the last 14 years; whose participants did not present neurological or psychiatric alterations. They were analyzed based on their relationship with the object of the present study. The keywords used in the search for the articles were identified in the Health Sciences Descriptors (DEDS) being the following: “Evaluation”, “Mastication”, “Masticatory Muscles”, “Masseter Muscle” and “Temporal Muscle”. Also using OR and AND as logical operators. 1311 studies were found in the investigated databases, after the review 1278 were eliminated and 33 articles were chosen; and considering only 21 articles according to selection and objective criteria. All the articles reviewed obtained a high degree of evidence (level I) after making a critical evaluation of the scientific evidence, determining that all the articles evaluated were classified as randomized clinical studies with experimental designs. Longitudinal studies with individuals with pathologies being excluded. It is concluded that the method most used is the speech therapy clinical evaluation, by observation and palpation of the orofacial muscles, followed by surface electromyography, electrognatography and the visual analog scale for satiety. The observed characteristics were, number of chewing cycles, chewing speed, percentage of electrical muscle activity, muscle strength, chewing type according to chewing preference side, chewing efficiency and facial typology.
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