Revisión de la Relación entre Estrés y Tinnitus.

Review of the Relationship Between Stress and Tinnitus.

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Saida Melisa Carmona Cortés
Resumen

El tinnitus es un síntoma común y frecuente definido como una sensación de sonido que se produce en ausencia de cualquier fuente acústica externa. El tinnitus crónico no solo es aversivo, sino que también interfiere con las actividades de la vida diaria de las personas que lo perciben. Los modelos fisiopatológicos actuales relacionan la aparición y el mantenimiento del tinnitus con el estrés; esta activación implica un conjunto de reacciones conductuales y fisiológicas (neuronales, metabólicas y neuroendocrinas) que permiten responder al estresor de la manera más adaptada posible. Esta respuesta depende tanto de la magnitud del estresante que en este caso es el tinnitus como del aprendizaje, autoestima, sentido de dominio y control, apoyo social y emocional de la persona que presenta el síntoma. Dado que los sistemas auditivo y límbico están interconectados, el tinnitus puede afectar las propiedades emocionales y cognitivas y a su vez, el sistema límbico puede desempeñar un papel esencial para la generación o estabilización del tinnitus Este artículo recoge la evidencia reciente que demuestra la relación fisiológica y psicológica del tinnitus con el estrés para poner de manifiesto la importancia de que sea un factor a tener en cuenta en la evaluación y manejo de esta población.

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