Review of the Relationship Between Stress and Tinnitus.

Revisión de la Relación entre Estrés y Tinnitus.

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Saida Melisa Carmona Cortés
Abstract

Tinnitus is a common and frequent symptom defined as a sound sensation that occurs in the absence of any external acoustic source. Chronic tinnitus is not only aversive, but also interferes with the activities of daily life of people who perceive it. Current pathophysiological models relate the appearance and maintenance of tinnitus with stress; This activation involves a set of behavioral and physiological reactions (neuronal, metabolic and neuroendocrine) that allow responding to the stressor in the most adapted way possible. This response depends so much on the magnitude of the stressor that in this case it is tinnitus as well as learning, self-esteem, sense of dominance and control, social and emotional support of the person presenting the symptom. Since the auditory and limbic systems are interconnected, tinnitus can affect emotional and cognitive properties and in turn, the limbic system can play an essential role for the generation or stabilization of tinnitus. This article gathers recent evidence that demonstrates the physiological and psychological relationship of tinnitus with stress to highlight the importance of being a factor to take into account in the evaluation and management of this population.

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