Speech therapy strategy for information processing in people with dyslexia Estrategias fonoaudiológicas para el procesamiento de la información en personas con dislexia a review article

Abstract

Dyslexia is a heterogeneous developmental disorder that affects the ability to recognize sounds with their graphemes, making it difficult to read and write fluently. It is related to brain alterations, such as in the prefrontal cortex and the dominant hemisphere. Although there is no cure, there are various interventions that allow reading skills to be improved by stimulating neuronal plasticity. It is also important to take into account early detection to obtain the results presented in the interventions, in this way presenting personalized approaches, where a unique profile is exposed for each person. Some interventions stand out, such as training with video games, which improves visual attention, speed and reading comprehension. Another of them is musical training, which strengthens phonological skills and working memory, improving phonemic combination. Likewise, there is structured literacy, which addresses aspects of oral language, such as morphology, and allows linguistic skills to be optimized. On the other hand, the integration of letters and sounds helps phonemic decoding, improving accuracy and fluency. However, there are interventions that present limited results and do not show significant improvements in reading comprehension or phonemic skills. An example of this is the effect of illustration and statistical learning. Thus, it is important to highlight the role of the speech therapist, since it is essential in the evaluation and implementation of strategies that allow expanding the development of reading and writing in people with dyslexia.